Introduction to Physiology for Beginners

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We hope you enjoyed this video! If you have any questions please ask in the comments. ⬇︎⬇︎⬇︎⬇︎⬇︎⬇︎⬇︎⬇︎⬇︎⬇︎⬇︎⬇︎⬇︎⬇︎⬇︎⬇︎⬇︎⬇︎⬇︎⬇︎⬇︎⬇︎⬇︎⬇︎⬇︎ 🖥 Visit Our Website ➜ https://ilearneasy.co.uk 📝 Access Free Resources ➜ https://ilearneasy.co.uk/resources/ 👩🏻‍🏫 Book an Online Lesson ➜ https://ilearneasy.co.uk/contact-ilea... 📧 Contact Us ➜ https://ilearneasy.co.uk/contact-ilea...

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Learn how cells work together in your body with Taylor! We hope you are enjoying our large selection of engaging core & elective K-12 learning videos. New videos are added all the time - make sure you come back often to learn more! If you’d like us to cover any additional topics, please let us know. For practice, assessment, and many interactive activities that go along with each video, as well as a teacher/parent dashboard, go to Miacademy.co for Grades K-8 or Miaprep.com for grades 9-12!

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What you'll learn in this step:

This is the updated Amoeba Sisters human organ systems video, which provides a brief function introduction to each of the 11 human organ systems. Expand details for table of contents.👇 Video has handout: http://www.amoebasisters.com/handouts Note: This overview provides the name of each organ system and overall body system functions. This can support further discussion on how these functions work together. While structure detail is not included in this brief overview, this can provide a foundation for further exploration of body system structures. If interested in some more detail on a particular body system, we've been creating videos on one body system at a time! Visit our playlist here: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLwL0Myd7Dk1F8lTR63pGWJlUGB7c3Pm2B Table of Contents: Intro 00:00 Levels of Organization 0:49 Circulatory 1:39 Digestive 2:40 Endocrine 3:16 Excretory 3:42 Integumentary 4:21 Lymphatic and Immune 4:39 Muscular 5:25 Nervous 5:41 Reproductive 6:13 Respiratory 6:27 Skeletal systems 6:49 Importance of Systems Working Together 7:20 REFERENCE: We cover the basics in biology concepts at the secondary level. If you are looking to discover more about biology and go into depth beyond these basics, our recommended reference is the FREE, peer reviewed, open source OpenStax biology textbook: https://openstax.org/details/books/biology -------------------------------------------------------------------- Support Us? https://www.amoebasisters.com/support-us Our Resources: Biology Playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLwL0Myd7Dk1F0iQPGrjehze3eDpco1eVz GIFs: https://www.amoebasisters.com/gifs.html Handouts: https://www.amoebasisters.com/handouts.html Comics: https://www.amoebasisters.com/parameciumparlorcomics Unlectured Series: https://www.amoebasisters.com/unlectured Connect with us! Website: http://www.AmoebaSisters.com Twitter: http://www.twitter.com/AmoebaSisters Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/AmoebaSisters Tumblr: http://www.amoebasisters.tumblr.com Pinterest: http://www.pinterest.com/AmoebaSister­s Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/amoebasistersofficial/ Visit our Redbubble store at https://www.amoebasisters.com/store TIPS FOR VIEWING EDU YOUTUBE VIDEOS: Want to learn tips for viewing edu YouTube videos including changing the speed, language, viewing the transcript, etc? https://www.amoebasisters.com/pinkys-ed-tech-favorites/10-youtube-tips-from-an-edu-youtuber-duo MUSIC: Music in this video is listed free to use/no attribution required from the YouTube audio library https://www.youtube.com/audiolibrary/music?feature=blog COMMUNITY: We take pride in our AWESOME community, and we welcome feedback and discussion. However, please remember that this is an education channel. See YouTube's community guidelines and how YouTube handles comments that are reported by the community. We also reserve the right to remove comments. TRANSLATIONS: Korean Translation: Kate Lee Some translated subtitles on our videos were translated by the community using YouTube's community-contributed subtitle feature. After the feature was discontinued by YouTube, we have another option for submitting translated subtitles here: https://www.amoebasisters.com/pinkys-ed-tech-favorites/community-contributed-subtitles We want to thank our amazing community for the generosity of their time in continuing to create translated subtitles. If you have a concern about community contributed contributions, please contact us. UPDATE: We have videos dubbed in Spanish and Portuguese using an artificial voice via https://aloud.area120.google.com to increase accessibility. See our Amoeba Sisters en Español channel https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC1Njo3LBy53cOPngz6ArV8Q and Amoeba Sisters em Português https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCYTQPX2X_mXe0ZMPi0fXxbg Want to help translate our subtitles in any language? Learn more here https://www.amoebasisters.com/pinkys-ed-tech-favorites/community-contributed-subtitles

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In this video I discuss what are hormones, and how do hormones work. I also cover the types of hormones, water soluble hormones, and fat soluble hormones, what is glucagon, as well as the functions of hormones. Transcript (partial with notes) What are hormones, and what do hormones do? Hormones are messengers that are released mainly by glands, and they travel in the bloodstream through all parts of the body to targeted cells. Hormones then tell these cells what to do. How do hormones work? Types of hormones. Water soluble hormones bind to receptors on the surface of cells, and the message is delivered, and the cell does its duty. Fat soluble hormones actually enter cells and bind to receptors once inside. Again, message is delivered and the cell does its duty. What do hormones do? What is glucagon? For example glucagon is a hormone produced by the pancreas. After we eat, carbohydrates are broken down into glucose. The liver sends some of this glucose into the bloodstream to cells throughout the body. The cells use glucose as energy. The liver takes any extra glucose and stores it as glycogen, or as fat. As this glucose in the bloodstream gets used up by the cells, the liver needs to release more, and this is where glucagon comes in. The pancreas releases glucagon hormones which attach to receptors on liver cells. Glucagon tells the liver cells, we need more glucose, and the liver cells convert the stored glycogen into glucose, and releases it to keep those hungry cells fed. Functions of hormones. There are many different hormones in the body that have many different functions. There are hormones that help with blood pressure regulation, development of white blood cells, in response to stress, regulation of water retention in the kidneys, and I could go on and on and on, but I think you get the picture, they are kind of important in the body. Timestamps 0:00 What are hormones? 0:15 How do hormones work? 1:15 Some functions of hormones in the body

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Water soluble hormones and exocytosis Fat soluble hormones and carrier proteins Transport in the blood Receptors

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Metabolism is a complex process that has a lot more going on than personal trainers and commercials might have you believe. Today we are exploring some of its key parts, including vital nutrients -- such as water, vitamins, minerals, carbs, fats, and proteins -- as well as how anabolic reactions build structures and require energy, while catabolic reactions tear things apart and release energy. Pssst... we made flashcards to help you review the content in this episode! Find them on the free Crash Course App! Download it here for Apple Devices: https://apple.co/3d4eyZo Download it here for Android Devices: https://bit.ly/2SrDulJ -- Chapters: Introduction: Metabolism 00:00 Metabolism, Anabolism, & Catabolism 2:30 Essential Nutrients: Water, Vitamins, Minerals 3:47 Carbohydrates 4:44 Lipids 5:53 Proteins 7:15 Review 9:22 Credits 9:57 *** Crash Course is on Patreon! You can support us directly by signing up at http://www.patreon.com/crashcourse Thanks to the following Patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever: Mark , Elliot Beter, Moritz Schmidt, Jeffrey Thompson, Ian Dundore, Jacob Ash, Jessica Wode, Today I Found Out, Christy Huddleston, James Craver, Chris Peters, SR Foxley, Steve Marshall, Simun Niclasen, Eric Kitchen, Robert Kunz, Avi Yashchin, Jason A Saslow, Jan Schmid, Daniel Baulig, Christian , Anna-Ester Volozh -- Want to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet? Facebook - http://www.facebook.com/YouTubeCrashCourse Twitter - http://www.twitter.com/TheCrashCourse Tumblr - http://thecrashcourse.tumblr.com Support Crash Course on Patreon: http://patreon.com/crashcourse CC Kids: http://www.youtube.com/crashcoursekids

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If you're like us, you love the sound of a brunch buffet. But not everything you eat at that glorious buffet is going to be turned into energy. Your body has to work with different forms of food in different ways. In this episode of Crash Course Anatomy & Physiology, Hank takes us through more about our metabolism including cellular respiration, ATP, glycogenesis, and how insulin regulates our blood sugar levels. Looking for a refresher on ATP and Celluar Respiration? Check out this video from Crash Course Biology: https://youtu.be/00jbG_cfGuQ Pssst... we made flashcards to help you review the content in this episode! Find them on the free Crash Course App! Download it here for Apple Devices: https://apple.co/3d4eyZo Download it here for Android Devices: https://bit.ly/2SrDulJ -- Chapters: Introduction: Brunch Buffets 00:00 Cellular Respiration 2:03 Absorptive State 3:26 Basal Metabolic Rate 4:18 Insulin Regulates Blood Glucose Levels 4:40 Lipoproteins: LDL and HDL Cholesterol 6:17 Postabsorptive State 7:04 Insulin & Diabetes 8:10 Review 9:05 Credits 9:30 *** Crash Course is on Patreon! You can support us directly by signing up at http://www.patreon.com/crashcourse Thanks to the following Patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever: Fatima Iqbal, Penelope Flagg, Eugenia Karlson, Alex S, Jirat, Tim Curwick, Christy Huddleston, Eric Kitchen, Moritz Schmidt, Today I Found Out, Avi Yashchin, Chris Peters, Eric Knight, Jacob Ash, Simun Niclasen, Jan Schmid, Elliot Beter, Sandra Aft, SR Foxley, Ian Dundore, Daniel Baulig, Jason A Saslow, Robert Kunz, Jessica Wode, Steve Marshall, Anna-Ester Volozh, Christian, Caleb Weeks, Jeffrey Thompson, James Craver, and Markus Persson -- Want to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet? Facebook - http://www.facebook.com/YouTubeCrashCourse Twitter - http://www.twitter.com/TheCrashCourse Tumblr - http://thecrashcourse.tumblr.com Support Crash Course on Patreon: http://patreon.com/crashcourse CC Kids: http://www.youtube.com/crashcoursekids

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In this video I discuss the basics of the Respiratory System, including how the respiratory system works, I go through the breathing process, and show how breathing works. Transcript (partial) We are going to look at the functions of the respiratory system, its components, how the system works, and some things you can do to maintain a healthy respiratory system. The respiratory system’s main functions include, transporting air into and out of the lungs, protecting the body against harmful particles that are inhaled, and it’s most important function, the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide. So, its basically about breathing. Now lets take a look at a diagram and we will go through The respiratory systems main components. Starting here with the nose and nasal cavity, the mouth or oral cavity, the pharynx is here and it what we consider the throat. The pharynx is considered part of the digestive system as well as the respiratory system, and it connects the respiratory openings to the larynx and esophagus. The esophagus is not part of the respiratory system, and I will get to why I put it in the diagram in a minute. Next we have the larynx, also called the voice box because the vocal cords are located here. The trachea also called the windpipe, is here, and it connects to the bronchi, which merge into smaller tubes called bronchioles. And, the bronchioles connect to tiny air sacs called alveoli. And then down here is the diaphragm. Now lets go through a very basic look at what happens during the breathing process. So, air is breathed in through the nose or mouth. When it enters through the nose, it gets spread out by these shelf-like things here called conchae. The conchae help humidify the air, and trap some inhaled particles. They also warm the air. The air next passes through the pharynx and enters the trachea. One note here. This little flap like structure is called the epiglottis and it has an important function. During breathing it is pointed upward allowing airflow into the trachea, however, during swallowing it folds down to prevent food from going into the trachea, directing the food into the esophagus. If food does enter the trachea, the gag reflex is induced to protect the respiratory system. The epiglottis here, this little thing shows you how amazing the human body is. Anyways, back to air flow. So, air continues down the trachea and enters the bronchi. From there it enters into smaller bronchioles, and finally into the alveoli, which are surrounded by a network of capillaries. And this folks is where the magic happens. Oxygen enters the alveolar sac and the gas exchange occurs. Capillaries give up their waste carbon dioxide, and pick up the oxygen. Carbon dioxide is then exhaled through the air passage the oxygen was inhaled through, and the oxygen picked up by the blood returns to the heart. During this breathing process the diaphragm is busy as well, contracting as we breath in, which allow the lungs to expand, and relaxing as we exhale. Some minor respiratory disorders include, the common cold, influenza, acute bronchitis, which is inflammation of the bronchi, and pneumonia, which is inflammation of the bronchioles and alveoli. Some of the more damaging disorders include, chronic bronchitis, where the bronchi become inflamed and narrowed, mainly caused by tobacco smoke, emphysema, where the alveoli become overstretched, and lung cancer, which in almost 9 of 10 cases is caused by tobacco smoke. What can you do to maintain or improve respiratory system health? Maintain a healthy weight, excess weight compresses respiratory muscles and puts more stress on your lungs. Drink plenty of water, dehydration can cause the mucus lining your airways to thicken and become sticky, making you more susceptible to illness. Consume foods rich in vitamins, minerals and antioxidants, such as fruits, veggies and nuts, which can help to reduce inflammation and fight oxidative damage. Limit exposure to common allergens such as dust mites, pollen and animal dander. Maintain good hygiene, many respiratory viruses are transmitted because of bad hygiene and poor hand washing. Don’t over consume alcohol, it dehydrates the body and weakens the immune system. Get more active, regular aerobic activity can help our respiratory system. Add indoor plants, plants have been shown to help improve air quality. Bottom line. As you can see the respiratory system has a major impact on overall health, as you may already know, breathing is kind of important. So, eat a healthy diet, maintain an active lifestyle, and keep up good hygiene. Timestamps 0:00 Intro 0:20 Functions of the respiratory system 0:39 Main components of the respiratory system 1:29 The breathing process 3:04 Common minor and major respiratory disorders 3:33 How to maintain, improve the respiratory system

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Explore the basics about the immune system with The Amoeba Sisters! This video talks about the three lines of defense and also compares cell-mediated response with the humoral response. *************************** Factual References: Clark, M. A., Douglas, M., & Choi, J. (2018). Biology 2e. Houston, TX: Biology Stax. https://openstax.org/details/books/biology-2e Reece, J. B., & Campbell, N. A. (2011). Campbell biology. Boston: Benjamin Cummings / Pearson. *************************** Further Reading Suggestions: Discover many other types of white blood cells here! https://openstax.org/books/biology-2e/pages/42-1-innate-immune-response More about antibody classes? https://openstax.org/books/biology-2e/pages/42-3-antibodies More detail about the cell-mediated and humoral response? https://openstax.org/books/biology-2e/pages/42-2-adaptive-immune-response *************************** The Amoeba Sisters videos demystify science with humor and relevance. The videos center on Pinky's certification and experience in teaching biology at the high school level. Amoeba Sisters videos only cover concepts that Pinky is certified to teach, and they focus on her specialty: secondary life science. Learn more about our videos here: https://www.amoebasisters.com/our-videos Support Us? https://www.amoebasisters.com/support-us Our Resources: Biology Playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLwL0Myd7Dk1F0iQPGrjehze3eDpco1eVz GIFs: https://www.amoebasisters.com/gifs.html Handouts: https://www.amoebasisters.com/handouts.html Comics: https://www.amoebasisters.com/parameciumparlorcomics Unlectured Series: https://www.amoebasisters.com/unlectured Connect with us! Website: http://www.AmoebaSisters.com Twitter: http://www.twitter.com/AmoebaSisters Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/AmoebaSisters Tumblr: http://www.amoebasisters.tumblr.com Pinterest: http://www.pinterest.com/AmoebaSister­s Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/amoebasistersofficial/ Visit our Redbubble store at https://www.amoebasisters.com/store TIPS FOR VIEWING EDU YOUTUBE VIDEOS: Want to learn tips for viewing edu YouTube videos including changing the speed, language, viewing the transcript, etc? https://www.amoebasisters.com/pinkys-ed-tech-favorites/10-youtube-tips-from-an-edu-youtuber-duo MUSIC: Our intro music designed and performed by Jeremiah Cheshire. End music in this video is listed free to use/no attribution required from the YouTube audio library https://www.youtube.com/audiolibrary/music?feature=blog COMMUNITY: We take pride in our AWESOME community, and we welcome feedback and discussion. However, please remember that this is an education channel. See YouTube's community guidelines and how YouTube handles comments that are reported by the community. We also reserve the right to remove comments. TRANSLATIONS: Thank you to Proseanchin Tudor-Ioan for translating the subtitles in Romanian! Some translated subtitles on our videos were translated by the community using YouTube's community-contributed subtitle feature. After the feature was discontinued by YouTube, we have another option for submitting translated subtitles here: https://www.amoebasisters.com/pinkys-ed-tech-favorites/community-contributed-subtitles We want to thank our amazing community for the generosity of their time in continuing to create translated subtitles. If you have a concern about community contributed contributions, please contact us. We have an authorized channel with our videos dubbed in Spanish here https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC1Njo3LBy53cOPngz6ArV8Q

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(USMLE topics) Divisions of the nervous system: central and peripheral, sensory and motor, somatic and visceral. Purchase PDF (script of this video + images) here: https://www.alilamedicalmedia.com/-/galleries/pdf-video-scripts-with-images/a-p-basics/-/medias/3773bfbe-f85f-4e93-ac37-62cbadde3373-nervous-system-overview-3-pages-4-images This video is available for instant download licensing here : https://www.alilamedicalmedia.com/-/galleries/narrated-videos-by-topics/basic-neurobiology/-/medias/866ecb4a-58bd-4edc-8d0f-e6580ecfd050-overview-of-the-nervous-system-narrated-animation ©Alila Medical Media. All rights reserved. Voice by: Ashley Fleming Support us on Patreon and get early access to our videos and FREE image downloads: www.patreon.com/AlilaMedicalMedia/posts All images/videos by Alila Medical Media are for information purposes ONLY and are NOT intended to replace professional medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Always seek the advice of a qualified healthcare provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition. The function of the nervous system is to provide rapid communication and integration between various organs, as well as with the outside environment. Fast communication is achieved by means of electrical signals, known as nerve impulses, which are generated and carried by specialized cells, called neurons. The major components of the nervous system are the brain, spinal cord and nerves. The brain, enclosed and protected in the cranium, is the central processing center. The spinal cord, enclosed in the spinal column, functions as a communication gateway between the brain and the trunk and limbs. Nerves are composed of axons of neurons, the cell bodies of which are clustered in knot-like structures called ganglia. Ganglia commonly serve as relay centers, where neurons synapse and transmit information to each other. The brain and spinal cord make up the central nervous system, while nerves and ganglia constitute the peripheral nervous system. Sensory nerve fibers carry sensory information from sensory receptors to the central nervous system, while motor nerves conduct motor instructions from the central nervous system to effector organs – the muscles and glands. Nerves that contain both sensory and motor fibers are known as mixed nerves. There are 2 major groups of nerves: cranial nerves and spinal nerves: - The 12 pairs of cranial nerves emerge from the base of the brain and relay information between the brain and the head and neck regions. The cranial nerve X, named vagus nerve, also communicates with internal organs. - The 31 pairs of spinal nerves arise from segments of the spinal cord and innervate the trunk and limbs. Spinal nerves communicate with the brain via the spinal cord. All spinal nerves are mixed nerves, they contain both sensory and motor fibers. Typically, sensory receptors send impulses by way of sensory fibers in spinal nerves, to the spinal cord, which relays the information up to the brain. The brain interprets the information and sends back instructions, down the spinal cord, to motor fibers in spinal nerves, to reach effector organs. The peripheral nervous system can be divided into somatic and visceral subdivisions. The somatic nervous system includes sensory nerves from the skin, muscles, bones and joints; and motor nerves that innervate skeletal muscles. This system controls voluntary muscular contractions, as well as involuntary somatic reflexes. The visceral nervous system, on the other hand, includes sensory division that detects changes in the viscera – the organs in the thoracic and abdominal cavities; and motor division that controls cardiac muscle, smooth muscle of internal organs and glands. It produces, for example, faster heart rate and breathing rate during physical exercise, and slower cardiorespiratory rate during sleep. The visceral motor division is also known as the autonomic nervous system because it is largely autonomous, acting independently of the body’s consciousness and voluntary control.

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What you'll learn in this step:

(USMLE topics) Function of the endocrine system, mechanism of action of steroid and nonsteroid hormones, major endocrine organs, functions and negative feedback control. Purchase PDF (script of this video + images) here: https://www.alilamedicalmedia.com/-/galleries/pdf-video-scripts-with-images/a-p-basics/-/medias/15d7e78b-6632-4d17-8d86-0788680a5b71-endocrine-system-overview-3-pages-7-images This video and other related videos (in HD) are available for instant download licensing here: https://www.alilamedicalmedia.com/-/galleries/narrated-videos-by-topics/endocrinology-basics ©Alila Medical Media. All rights reserved. Voice by Ashley Fleming Support us on Patreon and get FREE downloads and other great rewards: patreon.com/AlilaMedicalMedia/posts All images/videos by Alila Medical Media are for information purposes ONLY and are NOT intended to replace professional medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Always seek the advice of a qualified healthcare provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition. The endocrine system is one of the two systems that are responsible for communication and integration between various body tissues, the other being the nervous system. Endocrine communication is achieved by means of chemical messengers called hormones. Hormones are produced in endocrine glands and secreted into the bloodstream to reach body tissues. A hormone can travel wherever the blood goes, but it can only affect cells that have receptors for it. These are called target cells. There are 2 major types of hormones: steroid hormones derived from cholesterol and are lipid-soluble; and non-steroid hormones derived from peptides or amino-acids and are water-soluble. Lipid-soluble steroid hormones can cross the cell membrane to bind to their receptors inside the cell, either in the cytoplasm or nucleus. Steroid hormone receptors are typically transcription factors. Upon forming, the hormone/receptor complex binds to specific DNA sequences to regulate gene expression, and thus mediating cellular response. On the other hand, water-soluble non-steroid hormones are unable to cross the lipid membrane and therefore must bind to receptors located on the surface of the cell. The binding triggers a cascade of events that leads to production of cAMP, a second messenger that is responsible for cellular response to hormone. It does so by changing enzyme activity or ion channel permeability. Major endocrine glands include: the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, pineal gland, thyroid and parathyroid glands, thymus, adrenal gland, islets of the pancreas, and testes in men or ovaries in women. The endocrine system also includes hormone-secreting cells from other organs such as kidneys and intestine. Except for the hypothalamus and the pituitary, different endocrine glands are involved in different, more or less independent, processes. For example, the pancreas produces insulin and glucagon that keep blood sugar levels in check; the parathyroid glands produce hormones that regulate calcium and phosphorus; thyroid hormones control metabolic rates; while the ovaries and testes are involved in reproductive functions. On the other hand, the hypothalamus and pituitary gland play a more central, integrative role. The hypothalamus is also part of the brain. It secretes several hormones, called neuro-hormones, which control the production of other hormones by the pituitary. Thus, the hypothalamus links the nervous system to the endocrine system. The pituitary is known as the master gland because it controls the functions of many other endocrine glands. A major role of the endocrine system is to maintain the body’s stable internal conditions, or homeostasis, such as blood sugar levels or serum calcium levels. To do this, it utilizes negative feedback mechanisms, which work very much like a thermostat: the heater is on when the temperature is low, off when it’s high. For example, when blood glucose level is high, such as after a meal, glucose induces insulin release from the pancreas. Insulin helps body cells consume glucose, clearing it from the blood. Low blood glucose can no longer act on the pancreas, which now stops releasing insulin. Another example is the regulation of thyroid hormones levels which are induced by a pituitary hormone called thyroid-stimulating hormone, TSH. TSH, in turn, is under control of thyrotropin-releasing hormone, TRH, from the hypothalamus. When thyroid hormone levels are too high, they suppress the secretion of TSH and TRH, consequently inhibiting their own production.

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What you'll learn in this step:

Overview of the pathophysiology of stress for nursing, allied health and anatomy and physiology students.

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Paul Andersen explains how we perceive our environment using our sensory system. He starts with a brief discussion of action potentials and the nervous system. He shows that we many more than five senses. He goes into more detail to show how humans smell, see and hear. Intro Music Atribution Title: I4dsong_loop_main.wav Artist: CosmicD Link to sound: http://www.freesound.org/people/CosmicD/sounds/72556/ Creative Commons Atribution License

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(USMLE topics, cardiology) Functions of the circulatory system, anatomy and basic physiology of the heart, components of blood and structure of blood vessels. Purchase PDF (script of this video +images) here: https://www.alilamedicalmedia.com/-/galleries/pdf-video-scripts-with-images/cardiology/-/medias/46a55691-1b67-4b7c-b931-1db0b0720d30-cardiovascular-system-overview-4-pages-9-images This video is available for instant download licensing here: https://www.alilamedicalmedia.com/-/galleries/narrated-videos-by-topics/anatomy-physiology-basics/-/medias/f6fb6124-49ee-41d0-b5f4-8d04e35f70fd-overview-of-the-cardiovascular-system-narrated-animation ©Alila Medical Media. All rights reserved. Voice by Ashley Fleming Support us on Patreon and gain early access to our videos and FREE images downloads: patreon.com/AlilaMedicalMedia All images/videos by Alila Medical Media are for information purposes ONLY and are NOT intended to replace professional medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Always seek the advice of a qualified healthcare provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition. The cardiovascular system consists of the heart, blood, and blood vessels. The best-known function of the circulatory system is perhaps the transport of inhaled oxygen from the lungs to body’s tissues, and removal of carbon dioxide in the opposite direction to be exhaled. Basically, oxygen-poor blood from the body returns to the right side of the heart, where it is pumped to the lungs. In the lungs, blood picks up oxygen and releases carbon dioxide. Oxygen-rich blood then returns to the left side of the heart. This part of the system is called the pulmonary circuit. The left side of the heart pumps oxygen-rich blood to body’s tissues, where it unloads oxygen and picks up carbon dioxide. The resulting deoxygenated blood again returns to the heart’s right side to complete the cycle. This part is the systemic circuit. The heart is enclosed in a double-walled protective sac called the pericardium. The pericardial cavity contains a fluid which serves as lubricant and allows the heart to contract and relax with minimum friction. The heart wall has 3 layers: epicardium, endocardium, and myocardium. The contraction of the heart muscle is initiated by electrical impulses, known as action potentials. The impulses start from a small group of cells called the pacemaker cells, which constitute the cardiac conduction system. The primary pacemaker is the SA node, it initiates all heartbeats and controls heart rate. Apart from transporting gases, the blood also supplies body’s tissues with nutrients and removes metabolic wastes. It receives nutrients from the digestive system, wastes are filtered from the blood in the kidneys and removed in urine. The blood also carries hormones from endocrine glands to target organs, and plays an important role in the body’s immune defense. The blood has two main components: a clear extracellular fluid called plasma, and the so-called formed elements which include red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets. Arteries and veins essentially serve to conduct blood, their walls consist of 3 layers: loose connective tissue, a middle layer of mostly smooth muscles, and an inner layer consisted of thin squamous endothelium. In general, larger vessels have more connective tissue and smooth muscle. In addition, arteries have more muscles than veins because they carry blood away from the heart and must withstand higher pressures generated by the beating of the heart. The walls of capillaries, whose function is to exchange substances between the blood and surrounding tissue, consist solely of a thin endothelium with its basement membrane, thus permitting easy diffusion of blood solutes.

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What you'll learn in this step:

In this video all digestive organs of the human body are explained in detail and their functioning is described. We will look at the salivary glands, the esophagus, the stomach, the small intestine, the large intestine and the liver with the gall bladder.

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